{"id":9697,"date":"2024-10-05T04:25:09","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T02:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/2024\/grammar-preterito-imperfecto-o-preterito-indefinido\/"},"modified":"2025-03-31T00:24:28","modified_gmt":"2025-03-30T22:24:28","slug":"grammar-preterito-imperfecto-o-preterito-indefinido","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/grammar-preterito-imperfecto-o-preterito-indefinido\/","title":{"rendered":"Grammar: \u00bfPret\u00e9rito imperfecto o pret\u00e9rito indefinido?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\tE<\/span>\n\t\t\t

very language has its simpler and more complex aspects, and one that tends to be challenging for those learning Spanish as a foreign language, especially at the beginning of the learning process, is the number of verb tenses it has. Moreover, these tenses are frequently used in both spoken and written language, as is the case with the indefinido and imperfecto past tenses. When I compare it to the languages I am learning, I understand how complex it can be to distinguish when to use one or the other: in German and English, these two forms of the past tense simply do not exist, and in French, while there are two comparable tenses, l'imparfait and le pass\u00e9 simple, the latter is practically unused in spoken language and is mostly found in literature, making choices easier. But in Spanish, it's different: both preterites are used to express different things in both spoken and written language, so it's important to distinguish them correctly. In this article, we will explore the use of the pret\u00e9rito indefinido and the pret\u00e9rito imperfecto, along with their regular conjugations. Additionally, we will provide a list of irregular verbs in both verb tenses, their conjugations, and example sentences. Let's get started!<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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El pret\u00e9rito indefinido<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The preterite has several uses. A very common one is to express specific and completed actions in the past, which no longer have any connection to the present. It’s very common that when we use this verb tense for this purpose, sentences include some kind of time marker. <\/p>\n

– Ayer me compr\u00e9 un libro. Yesterday, I bought myself a book.<\/p>\n

– La tienda cerr\u00f3 a las 5 de la tarde. The store closed at 5 in the afternoon.<\/p>\n

Likewise, it can be used to describe a series of events that have ended.<\/p>\n

– Llegu\u00e9 a la fiesta, salud\u00e9 a todos, me sent\u00e9 y beb\u00ed una cerveza. I arrived at the party, greeted everyone, sat down, and drank a beer.
– Sal\u00ed del trabajo, fui al supermercado, compr\u00e9 las cosas para la cena, llegu\u00e9 a casa y cocin\u00e9. I left work, went to the supermarket, bought the things for dinner, arrived home, and cooked.<\/p>\n

State changes are also described using this tense.<\/p>\n

– Me dorm\u00ed a las 9. I fell asleep at 9.
– Mi hijo naci\u00f3 ayer. My son was born yesterday.
– Ellos se casaron hace un a\u00f1o. They got married a year ago.<\/p>\n

We also use it to describe actions that continued in the past, but over a defined period of time, and ended.<\/p>\n

– Viaj\u00e9 por Europa el verano pasado. I traveled around Europe last summer.
– Ella trabaj\u00f3 durante un a\u00f1o en esa empresa. She worked for a year in that company.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m sure you\u2019ve seen this classification of uses in many textbooks, websites, etc. Beyond the fact that the natural use of different grammatical structures comes with time and practice, let\u2019s clarify another concept that might help you choose which past tense to use when speaking or writing in Spanish. There\u2019s a division of verb tenses that classifies them into two groups: perfective and imperfective. This is an aspectual classification: perfective tenses refer to completed actions, and imperfective ones to ongoing actions. The pret\u00e9rito indefinido also has another name: pret\u00e9rito perfecto simple (simple perfect past). Personally, I like this name much more because this tense is perfective, meaning it refers to completed events, so when you need to talk about something that has ended in the past, the most likely correct choice will be the pret\u00e9rito indefinido or pret\u00e9rito perfecto simple. If you\u2019re wondering whether the imperfect past exclusively refers to actions that necessarily haven\u2019t ended yet, the answer is no. The difference here is that when we express something in the indefinido, it\u2019s necessarily understood that the action has finished, and we often include time markers in the sentence that indicate when it ended. When using the pret\u00e9rito imperfecto, we could be referring to actions that ended, but the key difference is that the action\u2019s completion is not important, unlike when we use the indefinido. We can also refer to ongoing actions in the past that haven\u2019t finished. For example, if we say that when we were six years old we already knew how to write, it\u2019s unlikely (though possible) that we want to imply that we no longer know how to do so. A trick that works in many cases when you’re not sure which tense to use is to form the sentence by adding the word already (ya). If the sentence with this word makes sense, the most likely correct choice is the pret\u00e9rito imperfecto. Let’s first look at the uses of the imperfecto, and then we\u2019ll see some similar sentences in both tenses to compare their meanings. <\/p>\n

But before that, another tip. And with this, I\u2019m not recommending that you skip learning the present perfect (pret\u00e9rito perfecto compuesto: “Yo he comido” \u2013 “I have eaten”), because you need to learn everything to be able to understand everything and later know how to choose what to use in which situation. We\u2019ll cover the uses of the pret\u00e9rito perfecto compuesto in another article, but I just wanted to tell you that this tense is mainly used in Spain. In Latin America, it\u2019s used much less, and whether you use the indefinido or the pret\u00e9rito perfecto compuesto, communication won\u2019t really be hindered. However, I think it\u2019s necessary to know this because for certain expressions, if your interlocutor is from Spain, they\u2019ll likely use the perfecto compuesto, while if your interlocutor is from Latin America, they\u2019ll use the indefinido. On the other hand, the imperfecto and the indefinido cannot be used, so to speak, to express the same thing, since the indefinido is a perfective tense, and the imperfecto an imperfective one. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pret\u00e9rito imperfecto.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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This verb tense also has several uses. One example is the description of repetitive actions or habits in the past. <\/p>\n

– Cuando ten\u00eda 20 a\u00f1os ella jugaba al f\u00fatbol todos los fines de semana. When she was 20, she played football every weekend.<\/p>\n

– Yo trabajaba todos los lunes de ma\u00f1ana. I used to work every Monday morning.<\/p>\n

Describing context and setting: To establish the context and describe past situations, such as the weather, the time, mood, physical appearance, and other details, the imperfect tense is generally the right choice.<\/p>\n

– Ayer hac\u00eda mucho fr\u00edo. Yesterday, it was very cold.
– \u00bfQu\u00e9 hora era cuando llegaste? What time was it when you arrived? It was 4 o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n

– Eran las 4. It was 4 o’clock.<\/p>\n

– Ella estaba contenta porque hab\u00eda aprobado el examen. She was happy because she had passed the exam.<\/p>\n

– Yo, cuando era adolescente, era muy delgado. When I was a teenager, I was very thin.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s also usually the correct choice when we want to describe simultaneous actions. <\/p>\n

Yo desayunaba mientras ella le\u00eda. I was having breakfast while she was reading.
\u00c9l cantaba y todos lo aplaud\u00edan. He was singing, and everyone was clapping for him.<\/p>\n

To describe someone\u2019s age and other characteristics of people or things in the past, we generally also use the imperfecto. <\/p>\n

Cuando yo ten\u00eda 20 a\u00f1os ya sab\u00eda tocar la guitarra. When I was 20, I already knew how to play the guitar.
La casa era muy vieja, se estaba cayendo a pedazos. The house was very old, it was falling apart.<\/p>\n

As you may have noticed, when we use this verb tense, the end of the action is unknown, irrelevant, or the action may not have ended. Let\u2019s look at some examples comparing sentences with similar ones in the indefinido. <\/p>\n

Cuando yo ten\u00eda 20 a\u00f1os ya sab\u00eda tocar la guitarra. When I was 20, I already knew how to play the guitar. > I probably still know how to play, the end of the action is irrelevant.
Cuando yo ten\u00eda 20 a\u00f1os toqu\u00e9 la guitarra por primera vez en un concierto. When I was 20, I played the guitar for the first time at a concert. >The concert is already over.
Cuando yo ten\u00eda 20 a\u00f1os, tocaba la guitarra en conciertos. When I was 20 years old, I used to play the guitar in concerts. >Repetitive action, we don’t know if I keep doing it or not. <\/p>\n

Mientras yo cocinaba, ella limpiaba. While I was cooking, she was cleaning. >The two actions occur simultaneously.
Yo cocin\u00e9 y ella limpi\u00f3. I cooked, and she cleaned. >Both actions ended, but we don\u2019t know if they happened at the same time or which one happened first. <\/p>\n

\u00c9l ten\u00eda 20 a\u00f1os en 1997. He was 20 in 1997. >Describing a characteristic: his age.
Te entiendo, yo tambi\u00e9n tuve 20 a\u00f1os. I understand, I was 20 years old once too. >I\u2019m no longer 20, and it\u2019s semantically important to highlight this. <\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 com\u00edas en Alemania? What did you eat in Germany? >Asking about the person\u2019s eating habits in Germany. The most likely answer is a description of their dietary habits during that time. It could refer to someone who lived in Germany or someone who visited the country.
\u00bfQu\u00e9 comiste en Alemania? What did you eat in Germany? >Asking about specific dishes the person tried in that country. The most likely answer is a list of particular dishes, probably those that might catch the listener\u2019s attention for being different from what they\u2019re used to. It refers to someone who visited the country, not to someone who lived there, as this person would have had eating habits. <\/p>\n

One last use of the imperfect we\u2019ll cover in this article is for politeness. In Spanish, politeness formulas are not as common in spoken language as they are in other languages, but this one is frequently used. In this case, the imperfect tense is used in relation to the speaker\u2019s intentions, and it\u2019s generally used with the verb querer (to want). <\/p>\n

(Yo) Quiero saber el precio de esta camisa. I want to know the price of this shirt. >Direct.
(Yo) Quer\u00eda saber el precio de esta camisa. I wanted to know the price of this shirt. >Polite. <\/p>\n

\u00a1Hola! Quiero hacerte una pregunta. Hi! I want to ask you a question. > Direct.
\u00a1Hola! Quer\u00eda hacerte una pregunta. Hi! I wanted to ask you a question. > Polite. <\/p>\n

In the case where we\u2019re describing an action interrupted by another, for the first one we\u2019ll use the imperfecto, and for the second, the indefinido.<\/p>\n

Est\u00e1bamos cenando cuando son\u00f3 el timbre. We were having dinner when the doorbell rang.
Ella estaba dormida cuando \u00e9l lleg\u00f3. She was asleep when he arrived.
Ella miraba la televisi\u00f3n cuando comenz\u00f3 la tormenta. She was watching TV when the storm started.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pret\u00e9rito indefinido: regular conjugation.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The regular conjugation in the indefinido is formed with the verb stem plus regular endings according to the group the verb belongs to. The verb stem is obtained by removing the infinitive ending: amar = am, comer = com, vivir = viv. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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1\u00ba grupo (-ar). Amar (to love).
<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Yo -\u00e9 Yo am\u00e9
T\u00fa -aste T\u00fa amaste
Usted -\u00f3 Usted am\u00f3
\u00c9l\/ella -\u00f3 \u00c9l\/ella am\u00f3<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as -amos Nosotros amamos
Vosotros\/as -asteis Vosotros amasteis
Ustedes -aron Ustedes amaron
Ellos\/ellas -aron Ellos\/ellas amaron<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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2\u00ba grupo (-er). Comer (to eat). 3\u00ba grupo (-ir). Vivir (to live). <\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The verbal endings are the same for both groups.<\/p>\n

Yo -\u00ed Yo com\u00ed
T\u00fa -iste T\u00fa comiste
Usted -i\u00f3 Usted comi\u00f3
\u00c9l\/ella -i\u00f3 \u00c9l\/ella comi\u00f3<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as -imos Nosotros comimos
Vosotros\/as -isteis Vosotros comisteis
Ustedes -ieron Ustedes comieron
Ellos\/ellas -ieron Ellos\/ellas comieron<\/p>\n

Yo -\u00ed Yo viv\u00ed
T\u00fa -iste T\u00fa viviste
Usted -i\u00f3 Usted vivi\u00f3
\u00c9l\/ella -i\u00f3 \u00c9l\/ella vivi\u00f3<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as -imos Nosotros vivimos
Vosotros\/as -isteis Vosotros vivisteis
Ustedes -ieron Ustedes vivieron
Ellos\/ellas -ieron Ellos\/ellas vivieron<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pret\u00e9rito imperfecto: regular conjugation.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The regular conjugation in the pret\u00e9rito imperfecto is formed with the verbal root plus regular endings according to the group to which the verb belongs, which are different from the endings of the pret\u00e9rito indefinido.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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1\u00ba grupo (-ar). Amar (to love).
<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Yo -aba Yo amaba
T\u00fa -abas T\u00fa amabas
Usted -aba Usted amaba
\u00c9l\/ella -aba \u00c9l\/ella amaba<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as -\u00e1bamos Nosotros am\u00e1bamos
Vosotros\/as -abais Vosotros amabais
Ustedes -aban Ustedes amaban
Ellos\/ellas -aban Ellos\/ellas amaban<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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2\u00ba grupo (-er). Comer (to eat). 3\u00ba grupo (-ir). Vivir (to live). <\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Yo -ia Yo comia
T\u00fa -ias T\u00fa comias
Usted -\u00eda Usted com\u00eda
\u00c9l\/ella -\u00eda \u00c9l\/ella com\u00eda<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as -\u00edamos Nosotros com\u00edamos
Vosotros\/as -\u00edais Vosotros com\u00edais
Ustedes -ian Ustedes comian
Ellos\/ellas -ian Ellos\/ellas comian<\/p>\n

Yo -ia Yo vivia
T\u00fa -ias T\u00fa vivias
Usted -ia Usted vivia
\u00c9l\/ella -ia \u00c9l\/ella vivia<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as -\u00edamos Nosotros viv\u00edamos
Vosotros\/as -\u00edais Vosotros viv\u00edais
Ustedes -\u00edan Ustedes viv\u00edan
Ellos\/ellas -\u00edan Ellos\/ellas viv\u00edan<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Some irregular verbs in the pret\u00e9rito indefinido.
<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
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Ser (to be)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo fui
T\u00fa fuiste
Usted fue
\u00c9l\/ella fue<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as fuimos
Vosotros\/as fuisteis
Ustedes fueron
Ellos\/ellas fueron<\/p>\n

Ir (to go)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo fui
T\u00fa fuiste
Usted fue
\u00c9l\/ella fue<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as fuimos
Vosotros\/as fuisteis
Ustedes fueron
Ellos\/ellas fueron<\/p>\n

As you can see, the pret\u00e9rito indefinido of the verbs Ser <\/strong> and Ir <\/strong> is the same.<\/p>\n

Hacer (to do, to make)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo hice
T\u00fa hiciste
Usted hizo
\u00c9l\/ella hizo<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as hicimos
Vosotros\/as hicisteis
Ustedes hicieron
Ellos\/ellas hicieron<\/p>\n

Decir (to say)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo dije
T\u00fa dijiste
Usted dijo
\u00c9l\/ella dijo<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as dijimos
Vosotros\/as dijisteis
Ustedes dijeron
Ellos\/ellas dijeron<\/p>\n

Tener (to have, only in the sense of possessing something)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo tuve
T\u00fa tuviste
Usted tuvo
\u00c9l\/ella tuvo<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as tuvimos
Vosotros\/as tuvisteis
Ustedes tuvieron
Ellos\/ellas tuvieron<\/p>\n

Poder (to can, also to may)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo pude
T\u00fa pudiste
Usted pudo
\u00c9l\/ella pudo<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as pudimos
Vosotros\/as pudisteis
Ustedes pudieron
Ellos\/ellas pudieron<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Some irregular verbs in the pret\u00e9rito imperfecto.<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Ser (to be)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo era
T\u00fa eras
Usted era
\u00c9l\/ella era<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as \u00e9ramos
Vosotros\/as erais
Ustedes eran
Ellos\/ellas eran<\/p>\n

Ir (to go)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo iba
T\u00fa ibas
Usted iba
\u00c9l\/ella iba<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as \u00edbamos
Vosotros\/as ibais
Ustedes iban
Ellos\/ellas iban<\/p>\n

Ver (to see)
<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo ve\u00eda
T\u00fa ve\u00edas
Usted ve\u00eda
\u00c9l\/ella ve\u00eda<\/p>\n

Nosotros\/as ve\u00edamos
Vosotros\/as ve\u00edais
Ustedes ve\u00edan
Ellos\/ellas ve\u00edan<\/p>\n

I hope these lines have been helpful in understanding the difference between these two tenses. Thanks for reading! <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg>Prev<\/span><\/span>Anterior<\/span>Aren’t you a little too old for that?<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tSiguiente<\/span>Sayings and proverbs (II)<\/span><\/span><\/path><\/svg>Next<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When one compares languages \u200b\u200bone understands that there are things that are unnecessary, but they exist.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[182],"class_list":["post-9697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammar","tag-down-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9697"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16077,"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9697\/revisions\/16077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexionsp.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}